Experimental economic summary paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Experimental economic summary paper - Essay Example25 per penny of the non-economists called all of the endowment as fair investment whereas 75 per cent of them considered it to be half or more of the donation. The behavior of economics students was significantly different. To existence account, they offered no more than 20 per cent of the donation. All non-economists said that they valued fairness in deciding about the investment whereas most of the economics students did not know what fairness is. Likewise, Carter and Irons (1991) who compared the behavior of economists and non-economists using an ultimatum bargaining game, found economists to be more complying with the characteristics of the self-interest model in the roles of both the allocator and the receiving system than their non-economics counterparts. The charitable giving survey and results of the prisoners dilemma also supported the opinion that the likelihood of free riding is more profound in economists than non-econom ists.

Scientific Management And Its Relevance Today Essay - 7

Scientific Management And Its Relevance Today - Essay ExampleThose who hold such views think that scientific management was not impelling then and cannot be in the present days. This essay argues that Taylors scientific management system had its weaknesses, but the weakness can guide research towards fashioning the theory more relevant to the current management realities. Scientific Management and its Relevance Today The result of years of experimentation and research that Taylor and his colleagues conducted in the scientific management theory.The following four principles anchor the theory Establishment of a science that would increase production selection and training of personnel that will modify efficiency and increase production application of the science established to tasks designed and building of teamwork between personnel and management to realise the set targets (Cannon, 2009). These principles have go on to inform management practices since the 19th century to the mod ern days. There be many areas within management, industrial and organizational psychology that scientific management principles are applicable today. Scientific management principles has had the greatest impact in two management subfields of human resource and accounting management. Many organizations have implemented these ideas to live?accounting and management of personnel ( wren, 2005). Areas were these principles are in operation today includes job design, selection, group processes, job performance criteria, organizational change and development, motivation and incentive systems, workers attitude and performance appraisal (Payne, et al. 2006). Examination of some general business practices and techniques is one of the means to prove this (Haden, Humphreys, Cooke & Penland, 2012). According to Wren (2011), studies conducted in recent years have shown that Taylor is the leading contributor to theoretical and practical approaches in management. Management researchers like Heam es & Breland (2010) found Taylor at the top in their studies. Bedeian and Wren list Taylors book, The Principles of Scientific Management as the number one among the 25 most significant management books since the turn of 20th century. These studies were conducted decades after Taylor do the introduction of scientific management to the world. The result of these studies shows that scientific management principles have become an essential human resource tool for many managers. Application scientific management is apparent, for example, when a customer support representative tacks a call under pressure from the 90/10 practice (regulations demanding customer support representatives to pick 90 percentage of calls and assist customers within 10 seconds). This regulation has its roots in scientific management as it is about efficiency and productiveness of personnel. Thus, scientific management is evident in such situations were machine-like accuracy is required for improved profitabilit y (Bell & Martin, 2011). Taylors experimentation on time and motion provides guidelines of how long it should call in workers to perform a task. Time study reduces wasted motions and set a suitable standard of task performance (Wren, 2011). The study helps in the elimination of motions that do not add value to the organizations production process. Time and motion sensors also assist employers to make decisions on strategies and techniques needed for efficient specialization.

Activity 1 - Ford & Taylorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Activity 1 - Ford & Taylorism - Assignment ExampleWorkers in these three countries are given over to industrialization and most of the manufacturing companies in spite of appearance these countries currently apply the Taylorism management technique, which means that workers presently receive specialized training on various tasks and hence they heap perform better in specified tasks.According to Lewis & McDermott (2006), the best script for call centers must consider the customers journey. Customers journey include purpose a matrix of customer needs against solutions been offered in order to map the foundation of the intended customer interaction and make sure every interaction is covered.Taylourism is evident in this because the principle of scientific management is brought out clear in the aspect of deciding or planning the work in advance, and as well as in the determination of standards of performance.The advantages of a bureaucratic organization is that each role is standard ized. It fosters specialized skills, which then eliminate the immanent judgment. Therefore, it is correct to argue that industrialized areas within the World would highly prefer the ideas of Taylorism

Faith and Evolution Essay Example for Free

Faith and Evolution EssayErik Easler Professor Pelphrey Writing Seminar October 27, 2011 Faith and Evolution In the Catholic Christian religion, the essential article of belief is that Jesus of Nazareth was the son of god God who was born of the Virgin Mary, became composition, and died on the cross for separately of man kinds sins. However, some batch who are catholic Vatholic c totally back that God created the Earth six thousands of years ago, a belief referred to as creationism. One particular group of Catholics Christans called Baptists, do not question the authority of the bible Bible and believe it word for word, and this is here I tend to disagree. I was born and raised a catholicCatholic, and I unchanging believe with all my heart and soul that Jesus was in fact the son of god God and do my scoop out to follow the morals taught in the good book. When it comes to what I believe in terms of how the Earth was make created though, the speculation of evolution seems to make a lot more sense to me. With all the logical points that it makes, I feel believe like it has more truth to it than the theory of creationism, after all, it was not god God who wrote the bibleBible.Essentially, I believe that you shag continue to have aith for Jesus, God, and the morality of the bible without believing that every last word is sensation hundred percent accurate. In other words, I believe it is possible for a Catholic to still be faithful eventide if they also think that Darwins theory is true. The theory of evolution was started by a man named Charles Darwin. Darwin was born on February 12th of 1809 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. He was born into a wealthy family that had many connections.His maternal grandfather was china manufacturer Josiah Wedgwood, while his enate grandfather was Erasmus Darwin, who appened to be one of the leading intellectuals of 18th century England. Darwins initial plan was to pursue a medical career at Edinburgh University, but p osterior switched to divinity at Cambridge. In 1831, Darwin Joined a voyage on the survey ship HMS Beagle. During this time period, al roughly all Europeans believed in the creationism belief that the terra firma was created by God in seven days as described in the bibleBible.On this voyage, Darwin read a book called Principles of Geology which purposeed that the fossils found in rocks were rattling evidence of animals that had lived many thousands or millions of years ago. Lyells argument was reinforced in Darwins own mind by the wide variety of animal biography and the many geological features he saw during this trip. The breakthrough in Darwins ideas came on the Galapagos Islands, which is slightly 500 miles west of the continent of South America.While on these islands, Darwin observed that each island had its own form of finch, all of which were closely related but differed in important ways. This sparked many new ideas in Darwins mind that eventually lead him to sexual climax up with a theory that would change the way we think about things. When Darwin ventually got back to England in 1836, he worked end slightly trying to use his observations he had made to put the pieces of the puzzle together to discover how species evolved.Intluenced by the works ot a man named Malthus, Darwin proposed his theory of evolution through a process called natural selection. inseparable selection basically Just means that animals and plants best suited to their environment are the most likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the characteristics which helped them survive to their turnedspring. finished this, new species develop over time. Darwin worked on this for about twenty years and made a Joint announcement with another naturalist named Alfred Wallace who had similar ideas about their discovery in 1858.A year later, Darwin published the book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. This book at the time was exceedingly controversial, becaus e it suggested that man had evolved from another animal such as an ape. Darwin was criticized by many people, especially by the church, because his theory had destroyed the prevailing orthodoxy on how the world was created. However, Darwins ideas later gained currency and have become the modern day orthodoxy. Even after his death on April 19th of 1882, today his ideas are proving to be very accurate. more Catholics Christisns today still believe in the methods of creationism, but those that believe in creationism, even if they know about evolution, continue to believe otherwise because they believe it is a test of their faith from God. As a Catholic myself, I can fully understanding being respectful to God because I do my best every day to give him thanks for what I have almost every day in some way, shape, or form. However, in the commandment grounds shall not lie I am not perfect in this regard, but I follow it the best I possibly can.Through it I am always looking to seek the tr uth, and while ignorance itself is not lying, it can still mislead in a similar way. For example, back in the rebirth days of scientific oppression, many other great minds of the time, in the same way that Darwin was in his time, were attacked by the church for going against the Catholic belief even though they had solid proof through their experiments. Galileo for example was attacked by the church for believing that our solar system was actually heliocentric, instead of believing the reciprocal belief that everything revolved around the world.Despite the fact that Galileo had proof of this through many experiments, the church refused to open itself up to the new ideas all because one of the biblical authors panorama that everything revolved around the Earth. For these men who were ahead of their time, it was never a matter of disproving the church it was a matter of proving what is true. Perhaps if more Catholics learned to be less adamant and more open about beliefs, than I th ink it is quite possible that if we had been more open back then to different ideas, we could be in a far more advanced technological world today.Along with not being very pen about new views, the church on with its creationist believers also seems to ignore the facts that back up Darwins theory. Five of the most essential of these points include the universal genetic code, the fossil record, genetic commonalities, common traits in embryos, and bacteriuml resistance to antibiotic drugs. While there are many other strong points that also back up the Theory of Evolution, these five sum up most of the previously stated definition of the theory. Be sure to introduce who came up with this proof and what it entails.Essentially, you should come to terms with it. According to the universal genetic code all cells on Earth, from white blood cells to simple bacteria, all have a genetic code that can be determined (5 proofs). This seems to suggest that if all life has a genetic code that ha s a composition that can be determined, then perhaps all ot lite did in tact descend trom common ancestry. Since Darwins theory suggests that all life came from a common ancestor, this point backs up what Darwin was trying to say quite nicely.Along with the universal genetic code, one must also consider the fossil record. This record states that the simplest fossils will be found in the oldest rocks. There is also a smooth and gradual transition from one form of life to another (5 proofs). This suggests that since the simplest forms of life were found in the oldest rocks, then these simple forms of life must have been the first forms of life which adapted to their surround over time. This point along with the last one also does an exceptional Job of giving the Theory of Evolution some reinforcement.To continue off of what the fossil record was stating one also should consider genetic commonalities. Genetic commonalities consider that Human beings have approximately 96% of genes in common with chimpanzees, about 90% of enes in common with cats, 80% with cows, 75% with mice, and so on (5 proofs). While this does not necessarily prove that we descended from chimps, it definitely seems to suggest that the species listed all had some come apart of common ancestor before they naturally developed into what they are today.This points further backs up Darwins idea that all life came from a common ancestor. To extend off of the topic of genetic commonalties, one must also consider some of the common traits that are found in embryos. Common traits that are found suggest that Humans, dogs, snakes, fish, monkeys, etc. re all considered chordates because they belong to the phylum Chordata. One of the features of this phylum is that, as embryos, all these life forms have branchia slits, tails, and specific anatomical structures involving the spine.For humans in particular, the gill slits reform into the bones of the ear and Jaw at a later stage in development (5 proofs). All this says is that initially, all chordate embryos seem to powerfully resemble each other. Pigs for example, which also come from the phylum Chordata, are often dissected in many biology classes due to how similar their embryos are to humans. What this also seems to reason is that these common characteristics could only be possible if all members of the Chordata phylum came from a common ancestor, which again reinforces Darwins idea.Finally, the last of these five essential points is that one has to consider how bacteria over time build up resistances to antibiotics. According to this point Bacteria colonies can only build up a resistance to antibiotics through evolution. In every colony of bacteria, there are a tiny few individuals which are naturally resistant to certain antibiotics. This is due to the random nature of mutations (5 points). When an antibiotic is applied, the initial inoculation kills most of the bacteria, and leaves behind only a few cells which happen to have the mutations necessary to resist the antibiotics.When these bacteria reproduce, they pass down their mutations characteristics and these proximo generations become resistant to the specific antibiotic. This specific example is probably one of the best because it is essentially what natural selection is, which a big part of Darwins theory is. All the bacteria that can survive this do and pass down their genes, and whatever else dies out. With ll of this in mind it is also important to consider some of the points that creationism makes so that one does not appear close minded to evolution either.Creationism is one of the oldest and most believed theories in the world. Generally speaking, it is the belief that God created the world in seven days. The greatest argument that creationists nave to otter is that all t li e seems designed, and scientists come to terms with why that is. For example, the trees and plants provide oxygen for animals and people, the animals and people provide the carbon dioxide for the trees and plants. other good point they make is that the minds of people are all different from one another.For example, Just because man is all the same race, that does not mean we all think the same way. The creationists explanation for this is that it is all due to Gods divine intervention. In conclusion, I believe that evolution is the most logical explanation for how life came to be despite some of the good points that creationists make. As a catholic, I feel that I have the free will to believe this because nothing in the x Commandments or and golden rule states that the bible is one hundred ercent accurate.

Piaget Stages of Development Essay Example for Free

Piaget Stages of Development EssayChild development undergoes mixed exhibits from infancy to maturity date. This process of development is called by various psychologists as cash advanceion through development to which, age is often attached on each developmental stage. The first stage is called the infancy stage which is from drive home to one year during which the physical and psychological occur most rapidly. In Piagets developmental theory, the kids development during this stage is called sensorimotor because the minors behavior at this stage is mostly simple motor responses to sensory stimuli (Kalat 170). The stage of toddlerhood which is from one year to three years old is p rusely connected with infancy stage because as Olga Drebben asserts, in these early baby birdhood stages, the infants and toddlers growth and development include very multifaceted processes of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial transformations. Drebben affirms that the basal modes of infant and toddler ar sonsorimotor. The childhood stage or as Piaget calls it, the preoperational stage of development is the stage in which children are subject to externally compel rules and adhere unquestioningly to rules and the directives of powerful adults.In this stage, peer relationship is an important factor towards constructing a self separate from opposites and towards developing the capacity to think in terms of separate peoples attitude one self. Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus stated, Equal peer relationships give children a chance to experience reciprocity which undischargedly assists them in perspective fetching and problem solving (Deutsch, Coleman, and Marcus 359). Adolescence stage on the one hand, is seen to takes place at the beginning of puberty or from 10 to 12 year for girls and 12 to 14 years for boys and end and at the age of 18 for girls and 21 for boys.While psychologist admits the lack of precision as to age limit, this stage assume more indebtedness for pe rsonal attainment and well being (Arnett 168). It is withal the stage to earn a living and a cadence when interest in fun increased. The stage of adulthood on the other hand are divided into three early, middle and senior adults. The early adulthood which starts at age 21 up to 34 years, is concern on being able to engage in intimate relationships and in finding more satisfying work.This stage is also result of focusing on long term goals, nurturing other physically, finding a meaning in life, and developing a tolerance for delayed gratification to come over long-range goals (Corey and Corey 88). The middle adulthood ages 34 to 49 is regarded as the period of reassessment of ones work satisfactions, of involvement in the community and of accept choice made in life. According to Gerald and Marianne Corey, this period of life is a m for solidifying ones philosophy of life. The senior adults 50 to 64 are regarded as the beginning of the wisdom years.This period is characterized as the sentence for serving the community and planning for work transitions and retirement. Finally, the elderly, 65 years onward is the time to find new levels of meaning in life and to appreciate what one has accomplished (Corey and Corey, 89). This stage is a period of physical weakness because it is a time of diminished strength and increased dependence on others. Of all these stages, the development stage that is more susceptible to schizophrenic psychosis are the early adulthood ages 21 to 24 for men, while 40 and higher up for women.This is because the vast majority of the onset of this disease falls within the interval of 15-54 years of age (Hirsch and Weinberger, 215). Steven Hirsch and Daniel Roy Weinberger noned that onsets of schizophrenia in men peak steeply in the age group 20-24 (215), and it slowed land at lower level thereafter. This onset for men is the reverse for women above forties. The stages that are more prone to Alzheimer are definitely middle adults, sen ior adults and the elderly because this disease takes place during these stages of life. Question 2. Two of Piagets universal developments are the sensorimotor stage and the preoperational stage.The sensorimotor development stages starts from birth up to the end of the second year. Also called the neonatal stage, it is the period of development when the infant where simply a passive being that acts with out any systematic goal. Sensorimotor stage is the development of the child that includes intelligence based on perceptual experiences such as reflexes from 0-1month, primary circular reactions from 1to 4 months which is a repetition of certain pleasurable behaviors and formation of habits, secondary circular reactions 4 to 8 months, the coordination of secondary schemata and so forth.An poser to this is the hand exercises. The child can follow simple instruction to close or open his or her hands as this is pleasurable exercise, during the infancy stage. solely when the child is ove r one year old he can already follow basic instruction with basic understanding. Preoperational stage on the other hand begins at 2 up to 6 years of age. Salkind implies that Piagets preoperational stage of universal development is the progression of the infant from a reflexive organism to towards understanding of the symbolic world (248).Michie Swartwood and Kathy Trotter pointed out that in Piagets preoperational stage, the key feature of childrens thinking is symbolic representation (69). Swartwood and Trotter cited that during this stage, the child is able to use symbol, an object, or a word to stand for something else (69). Thus, though preoperational stage occurs right after the sensorimotor stage terminates, the child experiences tremendous progress during this stage. An example to this is the ability to follow simple instruction not to touch this or that, or that, on the ground that it allow harm him or her, or that it will hurt him.In comparing both stages of development t he child acquires certain degree of progression before each stage terminates. Both stages also display some degree of intelligence as the child now learns a lot of things through his or her experiences. But these stages also differ on some grounds. First, children in the sensorimotor stage do not think symbolically, while in preoperational stage they do think symbolically. Second, in the sensorimotor stage, the child is limited to direct interaction with the environment, while in the second stage, the children learns to manipulate symbols that represent the environment (Salkind, 248).In general hitherto, both these stages show the childs remarkable and development. Question 3. Some of the major stress that I am dealing with in my everyday life are first and foremost are the pressures from deadlines that must be met. This creates tension in me especially when I am running short of time. Biased treatment and sexism are also a great source of stress because it angers me. I really hate these things and I felt stress every time I encounter it. Some minor stressors however that I encounter everyday are the peer pressures. Peers insistences of something I do not like create pressures on me.Stern and unsmiling faces also s a source of stress especially those I meet daily. Some of the coping skills that I learned over time to keep the minor stressors from fitting major issues are first, to ease my self of being too competitive. I learned this skill after I realized that I do not actually need to compete with my self. I simply need to make a list of priorities and take things at a time based on the priority list. Second, is to be friendly. I just realized that there is nothing wrong to great people with a smile regardless of how they would respond at me.I realized that by doing this, I could prevent the minor stress from becoming a major stress as I actually exceed it. Question 4. Schizophrenia is a disease. It is a chronic disease and severe mental disorder with a t ypical onset in adolescence and early adulthood and a lifetime prevalence of 1%. Dwight Evans cited that on average male have their illness onset 3 to 4 years earlier than pistillate (78). Schizophrenia is not a developmental disorder but a chronic mental disease. The four typecast of schizophrenia are the following, paranoiac, disorganized, catatonic, and undifferentiated.The characteristic and symptoms of paranoid are hallucinations and delusions. In the disorganized type, it symptoms and characteristic are reflected by disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and inappropriate affect. The catatonic type manifest clinical syndrome such as excessive purposeless motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiar voluntary movements and so on. The undifferentiated sub type is diagnosed when the patient does not meet criteria for the previous type yet does meet the criteria for schizophrenia (Maddux Winstead, 182).It is more likely that schizophrenia has a genetic cause than environm ental. It is quite common that when there is schizophrenia in the family, it is passed down to another member. Thus this disease is called psychobiological illness amenable to chemical intervention and modification of the environment. An example to this is when a person is exposed to violence and all other abuses since birth, he has the tendency to have psychological trauma which causes schizophrenia. Question 5.One incident that happened in my lifetime was when I read the story about a plane crash killing all the more than two hundred passengers. After I read the story, I was shocked and I developed psychological fear regarding boarding an aircraft. Psychology fit in this scenario because I knew pretty well that it was simply an accident. In this experience, I developed some fear as it would always come to my mind that this plane might crash too. But as I came to realize, accident happens anywhere to anybody, at any given time and cause.Since I cannot prevent it nor predict it, the best thing to do is to just be very careful and avoid those that I can, but those that I cannot I just leave my fate in the hands of God. The connection here between psychology and life is that, life is real we should rather be practicable and realistic than be overcome by fear and anxiety about our bad experiences. Question 6. I have incorporated in my work of art elements of psychology through my use of colors and designs. In using bright colors, I usually expressed strong emotion such as anger, or fear, or other emotions.I also incorporated psychology in my designs such as shapes that expresses meanings like lovely ideas or joyful situations. I will incorporate them in the future in the same way I incorporated it the last time with perhaps some improvement or modification. I could connect the process that I go through as an artist with psychology through putting meaning on my experiences in the light of what I have learned about psychology. That is, I must seek the context of w hat I am trying to portray to which I labor so much.It core that my work of art should be reflective of what life is, of the emotions, such love, fear, and other strong feelings that we often encounter or should I say, that always experience on a daily basis. Finally, one influence that will mesh with my future work of art is those that wear green colors, or things that are green. I am fascinated by this color and this influence in me can help meshed up with my future work of art. Work Cited Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen. International Encyclopedia of Adolescence, mickle 1 regular army CRC Press, 2007. Corey, Gerald Corey Marianne Schneider.I Never Knew I Had a Choice Explorations in Personal Growth USA Cengage Learning, 2006 Deutsch, Morton Coleman, Peter T. Marcus, Eric Colton. The Handbook of Conflict resolution Theory and Practice USA John Wiley and Sons, 2006 Drebben, Olga. Patient Education in Rehabilitation USA Jones and Bartlett, 2010 Evans, Dwight Treating and Preventing Ad olescent Mental Health Disorders What We Know and What We dont Know New York Oxford University Press Hirsch, Steven Weinberger Daniel Roy. Schizophrenia Great Britain Wiley-Blackwell, 1995Kalat, James W. Introduction to Psychology USA Cengage Learning, 2008. Maddux, James Winstead, Barbara. Psychopathology Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding USA Routledge, 2005. Salkind, Neil J. An Introduction to Theories of Human Development USA Sage Publications, 2004 Swartwood, Michie Trotter, Kathy. Observing Children and Adolescents Student Workbook USA Cengage Learning, 2004

Valentine And Sonet Poems Essay Example for Free

Valentine And Sonet Poems EssaySame theme unlike historical context The poesy, Valentine, indite by Carol Ann Duffy and the praise XLIII, written by Elizabeth Barret Browning argon both written by women and are based on the same theme, which is describing take a crap it a manner for someone, further they are written with different historical context. Valentine is written in quite a modern way, with some very modern references, for instance by describing cope as An onion plant plant plant instead of a red rose or a satin heart, these are modern references which perhaps would not have been used many years ago. Whereas sonnet XLIII is a more(prenominal) traditional verse form, which appears to have a more romantic theme, no one would ever have thought of comparing cheat to such a smelly item as an onion many years ago. The Browning poem appears to have some intense descriptions of how someone is whapmakingd, for instance, I make love thee to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reachThis appears to be showing intense passion and love, trying to relate it to such extremes of where a soul can reach.In Duffys poem, she talks more freely ab break through love and is comparing love to an onion. She says,I give you an onion, its fierce kiss leave stay on your lips, possessive and faithfulThis shows that real love can leave its mark on your lips like how the taste of an onion does. This appears to be a really bizarre thing to compare love to, it is withal a really unusual way of idea, and I think that this shows how views and values of love have changed over the century. Over a century ago, love would have been described in more traditional ways such as quoting feelings in the poem, as Browning does, for instance she writes I love thee to the take of every days most quiet need, by sun and candlelightThe actual wording of praise XLIII shows a more traditional language likewise by using words such as thee and phrases such as in my darkene d griefs these words and phrases are not patternly used in modern language now.STAGE ONE manner of the poem-relationships of poet to the readerThe Valentine poem by Duffy appears to be a more informal and relaxed style of relaying the thoughts of love and it appears that the writer is trying to establish a more thoughtful way for the reader to think of love. By quoting something as unusual as an onion, which would not normally be associated with love in any particular way, it makes the reader really perhaps look at an onion in a different light, noticing that it does have an inner beauty, beyond the ugly brown sputter, she quotesI give you an onion, it is a moon wrapped in a brown paper, and it promises light..This is making to reference beauty being more than skin deep.The Sonnet XLIII by Browning is a much more structured poem and is more formal. It is not comparing love to a physical object it describes the feeling of how much love the writer is feeling and also to what extent . The poet is trying to describe her innermost feelings to the reader and also trying to describe the extent of her love by using emotions, she writesI love thee freely.. and I love the purely.. and also a phrase beginning In my old griefs, these are personal feelings and not based on an object like the Valentine poem.Tone and melodyThe Valentine poem has a most unusual tone to it. It is quirky in the sense that it uses a most unusual item to be associated with love. It is unique in itself for that same reason and for the way it breaks down the parts of an onion and relates that to how love can feel, it saysHere. It will blind you with tearsThat is showing how strong the sensation of love can be and relating it to the power of an onion being able to make you cry. This poem does not try to be sensational in any way, but in its own right is sensational because it makes you think about something, which is so opposite to love and yet also as powerful as love in its own way. It saysIts fierce kiss will stay on your lips foreverThis poem does not use the clichs often associated with love and this makes the poem quite unique, when you think of a love poem many people would generally think of hearts and roses amongst many other things, but not an onion It says,Its scent will cling to your fingers, cling to your knifeThis is showing the intensity of love and it can sometimes take over, being quite clingy.Brownings Sonnet on the other hand is a traditional love poem, it describes feelings to the reader, it saysI love thee purely, as they turn from praise. I love thee with the passion put to useThe poem appears to have a desperate need to show how deep the writers love is, it enamorms to try to stretch to many extremes to describe this and even wants the love to get break-dance after death, it says,Smiles, tears of all my life and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death.This is a more clichd love poem, in the sense that it uses the niceties in life t o describe love, it saysI love thee to the level of every days most quiet need, by sun and candlelightit is also clichd as it uses general emotions associated with love such assmiles and tears.STAGE 2 poetic devicesIn Valentine, there was clever use of an onion as an extended metaphor . The onion was compared to love in many ways, it suggested that there was a moon under the brown skin of the onion, this was making the reader thinking maybe of something beautiful lying under ugly clothing. It said that the onion would blind you with tears again this was showing and relating to how powerful an onion secretly could be and that the power of love could be as strong. It said that the fierce kiss of an onion would stay on your lips, possessive and faithful, just like the power of love can be. It also said that the scent of the onion would cling to your fingers and knife, again this shows how powerful love can be and not easy to shake aside once there.It said it is the moon wrapped in br own paper, it promises light like the careful undressing of loveBy this the writer meant that on the outside the onion appears ordinary and quite thick skinned, but as the layers of the outer skins are peeled off, bit by bit the layers get thinner and you begin to see the inner brightness and beauty of the onion, this is trying to show that inside us all there is an inner beauty no matter if the outside is a bit tatty, you sometimes just have to peel back the layers to find it that inner beauty.The imagery that she is using here is quite a romantic type, pacifist(prenominal) and loving.She relates to the onions layers descending in sizeits platinum hoops shrink to a wedding ringAgain I think here she is referring to the silvery skin inside the onion and eventually finding the right layer which is comfortable as a wedding ring this is just finding the right level inside each other that we are comfortable with.In Sonnet XLIII, Browning uses imagination and emotion as her imagery. Sh e refers to the Sun and candlelight instead of look day and night, quite a romantic way of writing it. She states that she loves freely, purely and with passion, these are all very horny and deep internal feelings. She states I love thee each time to make each sentence a personal one and directed independently to the reader. Browning makes references to religion by referring to her lost saints, referring to love ones who have passed away and also she saysIf God choose, I shall but love thee better after deathThis refers to the fact that she turn overs in God and the powers he has and the way he can influence your life and the fact that she believes in an afterlife and that God also can influence what happens there too I believe that her religion gives her great strength and great beliefs and encouragement and this is shown by how she writesI love thee to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reach, when feeling out of sight. For the ends of being and ideal grace I love the e to the level of every days most quiet need, by sun and candle-lightThere are different structures between the two poems, which reveal the different views of the poets themselves. Duffys verse has a very irregular structure for a love poem, it does have some shape and she refers to the normal things associated with love poems, but she tries to show a different side to love by comparing it to something quite absurd. I think this shows that her thoughts on love are that no one should be judged and that love should be how each individual feels it should be.Also the fact that she compares love to an onion shows that she looks at things not just on the surface, but more deeply and sees inner beauty where you would least expect it.Brownings poem on the other hand is a structured poem, which would be true of a Victorian woman. It shows a serious side to this woman and perhaps reflects the strict idealistic way of Victorian times. It is very thoughtful and deep and emotional which perhaps shows that this woman is a romantic in the true sense that she values the idealistic way that a relationship should be.

Equality of women in the workplace

E spirit of wo workforce in the workplaceCompanies around the world ar currently going through a utmost of transforming and changing. Some atomic number 18 expending their business globally and there are some who wonder how the changing will effect or give an tint on their organization. As we know, men and women are entering the labor force in equal numbers except the majority of twinge mangement positions is still pass away to men. The failure of more women to founder the upper levels of corporate management is due to the drinking chalk ceiling. In economics, the precondition glaze ceiling refers to situations where the advancement of a capable person within the hierarchy of an organization is stopped at a frown level because of some form of discrimination, most ordinarily sexism or racism. However, since the term was coined, glaze ceiling has give carewise come to describe the limited advancement of the deaf, gays and lesbians, blind, disabled, and aged based on the defination in Wikipedia.There are legion(predicate) types of nut ceiling such as religious discrimination, resistent pay for comparable work, sexual, races, ethnics and even harrasment in the workplace. Other than that, exclusion from informal networks like preconceptions and stereotyping of womens role and abilities is also one of them. A nonher types of glass ceiling are lack of family-friendly workplace policies and policies that discriminate against gaypeople, non-parents, or single parents.There are many reasons that causes the glass ceiling. One of the reason is production line segregation. Job segregation is the concentration of women and men in different types and levels of activity and employment. Normally, men tend to be highly backbreaking in the upper levels of professions such as managers, supervisor, production supervisors and also executives. Women on the other hand, tend to be in the status of lower level and lower paid professions such as teachers, secreta ries, receptionists and nurses.Women also measure achiever in the workplace differently than men because women place a higher value on their positive inter individualised relationships and feelings whereas men tend to measure success by high salaries, promotional opportunities and job titles.There is also opinion that saying glass ceiling is voluntarily adopt by some women. For example, men tend to work harder in order to get good pay and women tend to choose to work less hours or may not want to extend their work duration in order to organized their children and spend more quality time with their families. There are some organizations that provide their employees with family-friendly programs that offer options such as flex-time which employees git choose their own work hours, employee-assistance programs and child care nursery which allows their workers to pee a better chance of balancing their work lives and home. Unfortunately, women may feel reluctant to take advantage of t hese programs as they feel it may decrease than chance for being success within the company.Besides, place of the reason lies in leadershipstereotypes. It is still a strong view that women are viewed by many others as weakened and soft whereas good male leaders are mostly known as tough and powerful. More or less, this appears to affect career choices as the organization may render a perception that women is weak and not qualified for the positions especially the top management positions.Women and men also differ in their career gaps. Men are not influence to take a put across of absence. For example, when one of their children is sick, women is most likely to have to take the leave because men seldom do that. Men also refuse to work on a part-time job in order to get redundant or side income when compared to women. It is maybe because they are shy that people would know when they have two jobs as mentioned earlier that men tend to measure success by high salaries and job titl es.Other than that, most of the employers have the believe that women may quit the job when they want to begin a family and get married. Therefore, the organizations are less likely to invest in womans career by appointing them as the top management position. In order to let the organization hire a woman as one of upper levels of corporate management, they must show the dedication and willingness to take on new challenges and risks and be vocal about their personal ambitions.SUMMARY AND DISCUSSIONToday, women represent more than 40 per cent of the global workforce as they have achieved higher levels of education than ever before. Unfortunately, their share of upper management positions re mains unacceptably low, with just a little tiny ratio succeed in breaking through the glass ceiling.According to the journal, the main topic that been highlight is about the impact and how gender diversity influence the career development of women being a director or one of the top position in the organization. There are three key areas that focus on women directors which are theoretical perspectives, characteristics and impact. Theoretical perspectives comprise of individual, board and firm. Individual lie of human capital, status characteristics and gender self-schema while board consist of social identity, social network and social cohesion, gendered trust, ingratiation and leadership. Firm level includes in choice dependency, institutional and agency theories.Characteristic review in four levels which are individual, board, firm and also industry and environment such as demographics, social capital, role, size, commitment, shareowner distribution, performance and economic environment. Impact also focus on the very(prenominal) level such as role models, governance performance, decision making, glass pearl effect, talent and also recruitment and retention.Glass ceiling exist because of few factors such as occupational sex discrimination, childcare responsibilities, ste reotypes and gender discrimination. The perception of women can also lead to a problem because there are some belief that women are unqualified and they might have their own agenda. transcriptions are genuinely more than concerned about hiring, retaining and promoting women to higher level but few are making the necassary changes to make a difference. Women hold less powerful corporate titles, fewer multiple directorships and earn considerably less than men. Men are more likely to have the embodied trust whereas women believe in collective trust as well as relationship trust.The impact of women as a top management postition dwell in different level. In areas where they are very much represented in the pool from which leadership is drawn, women still do not move into leadership positions in equal ratios. The reason is women typically hold up on too much share of the burden in balancing their job and family.Sadly there are so much barriers that prevent women to become one of the to p position in an organization. One of the barrier is the environment in a workplace. Organizational cultures, employees attitude, racial stereotype commonly limit women from completely participating in the organizations. Working parents, especially mothers, usually have to deal with family obligation which they often have to choose between their job and family. They actually require flexibility at work. Women often lack the right type of job experience to move foward. The experiences they have normally do not suit the promotion criteria.Equal but different? As mentioned earlier, men and women are entering this labour force in equal numbers but why is that women is being treated as minority group and a weak person? In this paper, i have attempted to contribute to glass ceiling by exploring how glass ceiling affect the women in achieving their dreams. Women often to have less power or right to control, judge, or prohibit the actions of others than men in the organization. They presen t different challenges and most likely they should have a required skills to be successful in the organization compared to their male counterparts. This is due to glass ceiling that appear to have in every organizations directly or indirectly. Men and women are seen differently because men want to see and analyse if women have the capabilities and the qualification that fit to be in the upper level management.The inflexibility of our culture builds an organizational resistance against the values that women and people with disabilities bring to the workplace. Women need to be guide and support through the challenge. The organization should revamped the assessment in order to exclude gender discrimination and conduct an exit interviews in order to make up the reason why women leave positions. Mostly, women will have less salary compared to men because the employers sometimes view women as they are not devoted to their work. In organizations, the progress of women and disable people a ppears to be affected by more than career choices and qualifications.Today there are some organizations that appraise, measure and do changes to their organizations policies and procedures in order to attract talented women to work in a diversifying work force. Doesnt mean that when there are still difficulties in the working environment, women should stop exhausting to achieve their dreams. They should always think positive that one day women will no longer treated as a minority and a weak person instead they are being treated equally as men. It is important for them to strive and go for what they dream of because they might be able to break the glass ceiling.SUGGESTION / RECOMMENDATIONRecently there have been many changes that organizations are trying to intergrate so that more women can be a part of the top management position and achieve their dream. Some of the examples are work from home, flexible timing and so on. There are few recommendations that i would like to suggest th at may helps in changing the perception and mind-set of certain people towards glass ceiling. The recommendations areWomen will have equal access to jobs if the political science enforce the anti-discrimination legislation at the workplace.Provide various training that emphasize on the workplace equality, values and their importance and the consequences of gender discrimination.Part-time workers must have the same entitlements and benefits as full-time workers and make sure all employees conditions and benefits are equally distribute.Providing education and enough informations about sexual harassment and directly down no-sexual harrasment policies to create a note of respect in the workplace.Creating a forums for women so that whenever they have issues affecting them in the workplace or jobs, they can always talk about it there.Develope a programmes to help employers acknowledge the capabilities and the benefits that women can bring to their businesses.Evaluation must not be rated based on employees gender, but it must be evaluated by their performance.Implement a family-friendly policies that will help supporting women at work which include the flexible working hours, child care nursery and other facilities, enatic leave for women and men and many more.Organizational leaders should learn on how to enhance or upgrade the developmental and advancement opportunities for women and take responsibility for removing barriers. resultIn a nutshell, it seems that glass ceiling are still exsist in an organization and women have made a great tread in smashing on the glass ceiling but have not quite broken through it yet. In order to compete on a same level with men, having an access to line experience and management training it very important. Other than that, women must also have a good and effective colloquy skills that can give the opportunities for better interaction with others. Women also must have the ability to cope effectively and positively under pressure and willing to face of challenges, criticism and setbacks.It is easy to jump to the conclusion that successful elimination of glass ceiling requires not just an effective enforcement strategy but also the pursuit of employers, employees and others in identifying and reducing attitudinal and other forms of organizational barriers encountered by women in advancing to higher level management position in different workplace setting. Organization also need to embrace the concept of diversity and redefine leadership model in organizations so that this will let women bring value to and immix into leadership structures.